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Linux-4.9.2内核在mini2440上的移植(三)——编译环境测试

发布时间:2024-05-08 发布时间:
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3.1 linux-4.9.2源码获取

为什么选择4.9.2移植呢?


因为太新的linux源码yaffs文件系统跟不上,编译过程会导致大量错误无法使用,所以选择比较新的源码就可以了。具体的说明到移植yaffs文件系统时再说。


我们的工作目录定在/root下面,进入到目录


root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# cd /root


(1)下载linux4.9.2源码


root@ubuntu:~# wget /zixunimg/eeworldimg/www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/linux-4.9.2.tar.gz


(2)解压源码


root@ubuntu:~ # tar -zxvf linux-4.9.2.tar.gz


(3)修改环境变量


root@ubuntu:~# cd linux-4.9.2/


root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# vim Makefile


定位到255行,原来的内容是


ARCH ?= $(SUBARCH)


CROSS_COMPILE ?= $(CONFIG_CROSS_COMPILE:"%"=%)


如果是使用ubuntu指令安装的arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc就改为


ARCH ?= arm


CROSS_COMPILE ?= arm-linux-gnueabihf-


手动安装的arm-linux-gcc 4.4.3就改为


ARCH ?= arm


CROSS_COMPILE ?= arm-linux-


保存退出ESC :wq


3.2编译测试

设置目标板型号


root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# make mini2440_defconfig


这时会提示:


The program 'make' can befound in the following packages:


* make


* make-guile


Try: apt install



原因:没有安装make工具,安装一下


root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2#apt install make


再重试,又出错


root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2#make mini2440_defconfig


HOSTCC scripts/basic/fixdep


/bin/sh: 1: gcc: not found


scripts/Makefile.host:107:recipe for target 'scripts/basic/fixdep' failed


make[1]: ***[scripts/basic/fixdep] Error 127


Makefile:448: recipe fortarget 'scripts_basic' failed


make: *** [scripts_basic]Error 2


原因:缺少32位的库


解决方法:安装libncurses5等关键库


root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2#apt install libncurses5-dev


root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# apt-get install libx11-dev:i386 libreadline6-dev:i386


root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2#apt-get install build-essential


root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# apt-get install lib32stdc++6


root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# apt-get install lib32z1


再次运行


root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# make mini2440_defconfig


HOSTCC scripts/basic/fixdep


HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/conf.o


SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c


SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.lex.c


SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.hash.c


HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.o


HOSTLD scripts/kconfig/conf


#


# configuration written to.config


#


OK,可以了,开始编译测试,这里使用-j8表示使用8个线程进行编译,可以大幅加快编译的速度,-j后面的数值可以根据你的虚拟机设置的实际情况进行选择,一般等于虚拟机的cpu核心数即可,我的虚拟机设置了8个CPU核心,所以-j8


root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# make -j8


又报错


/bin/sh: 1: bc: not found


Kbuild:67: recipe fortarget 'include/generated/timeconst.h' failed


解决方法:安装bc


root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2#apt install bc


再次编译,可以运行


可以看到编译过程中CPU已经满载

3.3 为uImage创建脚本

查看zImage生成情况


root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# cd arch/arm/boot/


root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2/arch/arm/boot# ls


bootp compressed dts Image install.sh Makefile zImage



可以看到,生成了zImage


我们的平台使用uboot作为BootLoader,所以需要转换为uImage使用。



(1)先安装u-boot转换uimage工具


root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2/arch/arm/boot# apt-get install u-boot-tools



(2)再到Linux源码根目录


root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2/arch/arm/boot# cd ../../..



(3)创建脚本


root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2 # vim mkuImage.sh



(4)粘贴如下内容


mkimage -A arm -O linux -Tkernel -C none -a 0x30008000 -e 0x30008040 -n mini2440 -d /root/linux-4.9.2/arch/arm/boot/zImage /root/tftp/uImage



(5)赋予可执行权限


root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# chmod a+x mkuImage.sh



(6)运行


root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# ./mkuImage.sh



(7)查看,确认脚本有效


root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# ls /root/tftp/


uImage



可以看到,tftp文件夹下面已经存在了一个uImage



3.4运行测试

在本系统中,使用了uboot引导,所以要先将uboot烧写进入到nand flash中,然后打开secureCRT,设置好串口。


将开发板上电,按空格进入到uboot控制台,查看一下环境变量


[U-boot@mini2440A]#printenv



bootdelay=1


baudrate=115200


ethaddr=08:00:3e:26:0a:5b


gatewayip=192.168.1.1


netmask=255.255.255.0


xujun=bmp d 70000


stdin=serial


ethact=dm9000


ipaddr=192.168.2.188


serverip=192.168.2.123


bootcmd=tftp 0x30008000uImage;bootm 0x30008000


bootargs=console=ttySAC0,115200n8root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.2.123:/home/ubuntu/NFS/myrootfs/rootfsip=192.168.2.188:192.168.2.123:192.168.2.1:255.255.255.0:SMDK2440A.arm9.net:eth0:offinit=/linuxrc


stdin=serial


stdout=serial


stderr=serial



Environment size:479/131068 bytes



我们的目的是上电之后,uboot直接从tftp文件夹内读取uImage,并启动内核,所以需要配置以下几点


1、设置开发板的ip(根据你的路由网段设置)


[U-boot@mini2440A]# setenv ipaddr 192.168.2.188



2、设置服务器的ip(根据实际ip设置)


[U-boot@mini2440A]# setenv serverip 192.168.2.104



3、设置uboot,tftp加载内核(tftp 是你的tftp文件夹名字)


[U-boot@mini2440A]# setenv bootcmd 'tftp 0x30008000 uImage;bootm 0x30008000'



4、保存参数


[U-boot@mini2440A]# saveenv


Saving Environment toNAND...


Erasing Nand...


Erasing at 0x4000000000002-- 0% complete.


Writing to Nand... done



启动测试


[U-boot@mini2440A]# boot


dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id:0x90000a46


DM9000: running in 16 bitmode


MAC: 08:00:3e:26:0a:5b


could not establish link


Using dm9000 device


TFTP from server192.168.2.104; our IP address is 192.168.2.188


Filename 'uImage'.


Load address: 0x30008000


Loading: #################################################################


#################################################################


#################################################################


##########


done


Bytes transferred = 3006872(2de198 hex)


## Booting kernel fromLegacy Image at 30008000 ...


Image Name: mini2440


Created: 2017-09-27 7:06:46 UTC


Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)


Data Size: 3006808 Bytes = 2.9 MB


Load Address: 30008000


Entry Point: 30008040


Verifying Checksum ... OK


XIP Kernel Image ... OK


OK



Starting kernel ...



Booting Linux on physicalCPU 0x0


Linux version 4.9.2(root@ubuntu) (gcc version 6.3.0 20170406 (Ubuntu/Linaro 6.3.0-12ubuntu2) ) #1Tue Sep 26 23:51:32 PDT 2017


CPU: ARM920T [41129200]revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c000717f


CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVTinstruction cache


Machine: MINI2440


Memory policy: Data cachewriteback


CPU S3C2440A (id0x32440001)


Built 1 zonelists in Zoneorder, mobility grouping on. Totalpages: 16256


Kernel command line:console=ttySAC0,115200n8 root=/dev/nfsnfsroot=192.168.2.123:/home/ubuntu/NFS/myrootfs/rootfsip=192.168.2.188:192.168.2.123:192.168.2.1:255.255.255.0:SMDK2440A.arm9.net:eth0:offinit=/linuxrc


PID hash table entries: 256(order: -2, 1024 bytes)


Dentry cache hash tableentries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)


Inode-cache hash tableentries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)


Memory: 58868K/65536Kavailable (4309K kernel code, 180K rwdata, 976K rodata, 176K init, 258K bss,6668K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)


Virtual kernel memorylayout:


vector : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000 ( 4 kB)


fixmap : 0xffc00000 - 0xfff00000 (3072kB)


vmalloc : 0xc4800000 - 0xff800000 ( 944 MB)


lowmem : 0xc0000000 - 0xc4000000 ( 64 MB)


modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xc0000000 ( 16MB)


.text : 0xc0008000 - 0xc043d660 (4310 kB)


.init : 0xc0552000 - 0xc057e000 ( 176 kB)


.data : 0xc057e000 - 0xc05ab320 ( 181 kB)


.bss : 0xc05ab320 - 0xc05ebf00 ( 259 kB)


SLUB: HWalign=32,Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1


NR_IRQS:103


S3C2440: IRQ Support


irq: clearing pendingstatus 00000003


irq: clearing pendingstatus 00000002


sched_clock: 16 bits at1012kHz, resolution 987ns, wraps every 32362962ns


clocksource:samsung_clocksource_timer: mask: 0xffff max_cycles: 0xffff, max_idle_ns:28803037 ns


Console: colour dummydevice 80x30


Calibrating delay loop...201.52 BogoMIPS (lpj=503808)


pid_max: default: 32768minimum: 301


Mount-cache hash tableentries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)


Mountpoint-cache hash tableentries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)


CPU: Testing write buffercoherency: ok


Setting up static identitymap for 0x300081e0 - 0x30008238


clocksource: jiffies: mask:0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 9556302231375000 ns


NET: Registered protocolfamily 16


DMA: preallocated 256 KiBpool for atomic coherent allocations


cpuidle: using governorladder


MINI2440: Option stringmini2440=0tb


MINI2440: 't' ignored,touchscreen not compiled in


MINI2440: LCD


[0:240x320]


1:800x480


2:1024x768


3:320x240



S3C2440: Initialisingarchitecture


usbcore: registered newinterface driver usbfs


usbcore: registered newinterface driver hub


usbcore: registered newdevice driver usb


s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c.0:slave address 0x10


s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c.0: busfrequency set to 98 KHz


s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c.0:i2c-0: S3C I2C adapter


Advanced Li

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Linux-492内核mini2440移植编译环境

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