(1)数据传送类指令（7种助记符）
MOV（英文为Move）：对内部数据寄存器RAM和特殊功能寄存器SFR的数据进行传送；
MOVC（Move Code）读取程序存储器数据表格的数据传送；
MOVX (Move External RAM) 对外部RAM的数据传送；
XCH (Exchange) 字节交换；
XCHD (Exchange low-order Digit) 低半字节交换；
PUSH (Push onto Stack) 入栈；
POP  (Pop from Stack) 出栈；

（2）算术运算类指令（8种助记符）

ADD(Addition) 加法；
ADDC(Add with Carry) 带进位加法；
SUBB(Subtract with Borrow) 带借位减法；
DA(Decimal Adjust) 十进制调整；
INC(Increment) 加1；DEC(Decrement) 减1；
MUL(Multiplication、Multiply) 乘法；
DIV(Division、Divide) 除法；

(3)逻辑运算类指令（10种助记符）

ANL(AND Logic) 逻辑与；
XRL(Exclusive-OR Logic) 逻辑异或；
CLR(Clear) 清零；CPL(Complement) 取反；
RL(Rotate left) 循环左移；
RLC(Rotate Left throught the Carry flag) 带进位循环左移；
RR(Rotate Right) 循环右移；
RRC (Rotate Right throught the Carry flag) 带进位循环右移；
SWAP (Swap) 低4位与高4位交换；

（4）控制转移类指令（17种助记符）
ACALL（Absolute subroutine Call）子程序绝对调用；
LCALL（Long subroutine Call）子程序长调用；
RET（Return from subroutine）子程序返回；
RETI（Return from Interruption）中断返回；
SJMP（Short Jump）短转移；LJMP长转移；
AJMP（Absolute Jump）绝对转移；
CJNE (Compare Jump if Not Equal)比较不相等则转移；
DJNZ (Decrement Jump if Not Zero)减１后不为０则转移；
JZ (Jump if Zero)结果为０则转移；
JNZ (Jump if Not Zero) 结果不为０则转移；
JC (Jump if the Carry flag is set)有进位则转移；
JNC (Jump if Not Carry)无进位则转移；
JB (Jump if the Bit is set)位为１则转移；
JNB (Jump if the Bit is Not set) 位为０则转移；

JBC(Jump if the Bit is set and Clear the bit) 位为１则转移，并清除该位；
NOP (No Operation) 空操作；

（5）位操作指令（1种助记符）
SETB(Set Bit) 位 置１ 。

1. 通用数据传送指令.

MOV----> move

MOVSX---->extended move with sign data

MOVZX---->extended move with zero data

PUSH---->push     

POP---->pop

PUSHA---->push all      

POPA---->pop all

PUSHAD---->push all data

POPAD---->pop all data

BSWAP---->byte swap

XCHG---->exchange

CMPXCHG---->compare and change

XADD---->exchange and add

XLAT---->translate

2.输入输出端口传送指令.

IN---->input 

OUT---->output

3.目的地址传送指令.

LEA---->load effective address

LDS---->load DS    

LES---->load ES

LFS---->load FS   

LGS---->load GS

LSS---->load SS

4.标志传送指令.

LAHF---->load AH from flag

SAHF---->save AH to flag

PUSHF---->push flag   

POPF---->pop flag

PUSHD---->push dflag  

POPD---->pop dflag

二、算术运算指令

ADD---->add
ADC---->add with carry
INC---->increase 1
AAA---->ascii add with adjust
DAA---->decimal add with adjust
SUB---->substract
SBB---->substract with borrow
DEC---->decrease 1
NEC---->negative
CMP---->compare
AAS---->ascii adjust on substract
DAS---->decimal adjust on substract
MUL---->multiplication
IMUL---->integer multiplication
AAM---->ascii adjust on multiplication

DIV---->divide
IDIV---->integer divide
AAD---->ascii adjust on divide
CBW---->change byte to word
CWD---->change word to double word
CWDE---->change word to double word with sign to EAX
CDQ---->change double word to quadrate word

三、逻辑运算指令
AND---->and
OR---->or
XOR---->xor
NOT---->not
TEST---->test
SHL---->shift left
SAL---->arithmatic shift left
SHR---->shift right
SAR---->arithmatic shift right
ROL---->rotate left
ROR---->rotate right
RCL---->rotate left with carry
RCR---->rotate right with carry

四、串指令
MOVS---->move string
CMPS---->compare string
SCAS---->scan string
LODS---->load string
STOS---->store string
REP---->repeat
REPE---->repeat when equal
REPZ---->repeat when zero flag
REPNE---->repeat when not equal
REPNZ---->repeat when zero flag
REPC---->repeat when carry flag
REPNC---->repeat when not carry flag

五、程序转移指令
1>无条件转移指令(长转移)
JMP---->jump
CALL---->call
RET---->return
RETF---->return far

2>条件转移指令(短转移,-128到+127的距离内)
JAE---->jump when above or equal
JNB---->jump when not below
JB---->jump when below
JNAE---->jump when not above or equal
JBE---->jump when below or equal
JNA---->jump when not above
JG---->jump when greater
JNLE---->jump when not less or equal
JGE---->jump when greater or equal
JNL---->jump when not less

JL---->jump when less
JNGE---->jump when not greater or equal
JLE---->jump when less or equal
JNG---->jump when not greater
JE---->jump when equal
JZ---->jump when has zero flag
JNE---->jump when not equal
JNZ---->jump when not has zero flag
JC---->jump when has carry flag
JNC---->jump when not has carry flag
JNO---->jump when not has overflow flag
JNP---->jump when not has parity flag
JPO---->jump when parity flag is odd
JNS---->jump when not has sign flag
JO---->jump when has overflow flag
JP---->jump when has parity flag
JPE---->jump when parity flag is even
JS---->jump when has sign flag

3>循环控制指令(短转移)
LOOP---->loop
LOOPE---->loop equal
LOOPZ---->loop zero
LOOPNE---->loop not equal
LOOPNZ---->loop not zero
JCXZ---->jump when CX is zero
JECXZ---->jump when ECX is zero

4>中断指令
INT---->interrupt
INTO---->overflow interrupt
IRET---->interrupt return

5>处理器控制指令
HLT---->halt
WAIT---->wait
ESC---->escape
LOCK---->lock
NOP---->no operation
STC---->set carry
CLC---->clear carry
CMC---->carry make change
STD---->set direction
CLD---->clear direction
STI---->set interrupt
CLI---->clear interrupt

六、伪指令
DW---->define word
PROC---->procedure
ENDP---->end of procedure
SEGMENT---->segment
ASSUME---->assume
ENDS---->end segment(段, 节,片断)
END---->end